Luxor Governorate is an Egyptian governorate located in the southern Upper Egypt region. Its centers and cities are distributed on both banks of the Nile River. Its capital is Luxor, which used to be the city of Thebes, the capital of Egypt during several Pharaonic eras. The governorate was established according to Republican Decree No. 378 of 2009 issued on December 9, 2009. The governorate has a rare collection of archaeological sites, many of which are still preserved in their original condition, the most famous of which are: Luxor Temple, Karnak Temples, the tombs of the Valley of the Kings, the Valley of the Queens, the funerary temples, Esna Temple, and others, in addition to the unique artifacts displayed by the Luxor Museum. The capital of the governorate (Thebes) remained the capital of Egypt until the beginning of the Sixth Pharaonic Dynasty, when the capital moved to (Memphis) in the north.